Madrid concentrates the Prado's Velázquez and Goya, the Reina Sofía's Picasso Guernica, and the late-night dining culture along Cava Baja with Toledo, Segovia, and El Escorial all 30 minutes by AVE train.
Madrid in flower across Retiro Park, San Isidro festival mid-May with chotis dancing in Plaza Mayor, and Mad Cool festival first week of July.
Hits 38°C and Madrileños decamp to coast, but the city's late-night dining culture in Lavapiés and Chueca runs through August in cooler evening.
Veranillo de San Miguel late September warm spell, ARCO contemporary art fair in late February aside, and the Prado and Reina Sofía pleasant without summer queues.
Christmas market at Plaza Mayor, Three Kings parade January 5, and Madrid's tapas culture in Cava Baja bars at peak with cocido madrileño on every menu.